Richard J.A.M. Stevens

Physics of Fluids

University of Twente

Publications

For a curated tour of the main research themes, see the selected research highlights page. Selected evidence-reviewed entries in the chronological list include an audited figure, a compact scientific explanation, and a studied-scope statement. The work connects three programme areas: wind-farm–atmosphere interaction, multiscale prediction and physical modelling, and turbulence simulation and high-performance computing.

Open Access and arXiv

The publication list below links to the official journal record and, where available, an open-access version of each article. Additional preprints and author manuscripts can be found on my arXiv author page. Versions may differ from the final journal article. Our open-source turbulence simulation code AFiD is available through GitHub.

A machine-readable export of the 135 published papers and the current preprint is available as BibTeX. This webpage remains the authoritative public list.

Current preprints

Academic Profiles

Google Scholar: h-index = 52, citations = 8649
Web of Science: h-index = 44, citations = 5833
ResearchGate
ORCID

Citation metrics last updated: July 2026.

Published peer-reviewed articles

The list contains 135 published papers.

2026
  1. Y. Liu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Modeling Multiscale Atmospheric Interactions in Wind-Farm Power Spectra,
    PRX Energy 5, 023012 (2026). Open Access Version
  2. D. Selvatici, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Low-level cloud radiative forcing enhances wind-farm wake recovery,
    PRX Energy 5, 033014 (2026). Open Access Version
    Featured in Physics Magazine
  3. M. Pasupula, D. Selvatici, J.H. Kasper, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Diurnal surface heat-flux forcing controls wind-farm performance, blockage, and gravity-wave formation,
    J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 18, 043303 (2026). Open Access Version
  4. Y. Liu, A. Stieren, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Low-frequency wind speed variations and their impact on wind farm performance,
    J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 18, 043304 (2026). Open Access Version
  5. W.C. Radünz, J.H. Kasper, R.J.A.M. Stevens, J.K. Lundquist,
    Slow wake recovery and low turbulence behind wind farms parameterized in mesoscale simulations,
    Wind Energy Science 11, 2723–2747 (2026). Open Access Version
  6. J. Colas, A. Emmanuelli, D. Dragna, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Modeling wind farm noise emission and propagation: Effects of flow and layout,
    Renewable Energy 273, 126052 (2026). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Spatially averaged modeled overall sound pressure level and amplitude modulation versus downstream distance for aligned and staggered four-by-four wind farms, with the staggered case about 3 dBA higher beyond 2 km
    Main finding

    In one modeled stable-atmosphere case, a staggered 4 × 4 wind farm produced spatially averaged downwind sound levels about 3 dBA higher than the aligned layout beyond 2 km. The coupled calculation attributes the difference to both layout-dependent turbine source emission and sound propagation through the wind-farm flow. See the figure and explanation.

  7. J. Colas, A. Emmanuelli, D. Dragna, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Wake-induced variations in noise levels and amplitude modulation for two interacting wind turbines,
    J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 159, 3048–3061 (2026). Open Access Version
  8. B. Kosović, S. Basu, J. Berg, L.K. Berg, S.E. Haupt, X.G. Larsén, J. Peinke, R.J.A.M. Stevens, P. Veers, S. Watson,
    Impact of atmospheric turbulence on performance and loads of wind turbines: knowledge gaps and research challenges,
    Wind Energy Science 11, 509–555 (2026). Open Access Version
  9. J.H. Kasper, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    From turbine-scale to wind farm-scale wake recovery: Understanding the transition,
    J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 18, 013302 (2026). DOI · Open-access version
    Featured article by the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
    Figure and main finding
    Stacked energy-budget terms for turbine and wind-farm wakes across simulated farm sizes
    Main finding

    Wind-turbine wakes and wind-farm wakes recover through different physical mechanisms. Behind a single turbine, recovery is dominated by spanwise turbulent transport. In the larger wind farms studied, vertical turbulent transport and the downward transport of energy by the mean flow dominate. See the figure and explanation.

2025
  1. Z. Shen, L. Liu, X.-Y. Lu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Mean turbulent momentum fluxes and wind deficits in nocturnal stable atmospheric boundary layers,
    J. Fluid Mech., 1017, A5 (2025). Open Access Version
  2. C. Li, A.-K. Gao, L. Liu, X.-Y. Lu, R. J.A.M. Stevens,
    Evolution and instability of the tip vortices behind a yawed wind turbine,
    J. Fluid Mech., 1016, A20 (2025). Open Access Version
  3. H. Bommidala, J. Colas, A. Emmanuelli, D. Dragna, C. Khodr, B. Cotté, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Three-dimensional effects of the wake on wind turbine sound propagation using parabolic equation,
    J. Sound Vib. 608, 119036 (2025). Open Access Version
  4. D. Selvatici, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Capturing tip-corrected blade element momentum loading with wind turbine models,
    Renew. Energ. 241, 122265 (2025). Open Access Version

2024
  1. Z. Shen, L. Liu, X. Lu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    The global properties of nocturnal stable atmospheric boundary layers,
    J. Fluid Mech. 999, A60 (2024). Open Access Version
  2. R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Hartmann, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse,
    How wide must Rayleigh–Bénard cells be to prevent finite aspect ratio effects in turbulent flow?,
    J. Fluid Mech. 1000, A58 (2024). Open Access Version
  3. J.H. Kasper, A. Stieren, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Simulation and modeling of wind farms in baroclinic atmospheric boundary layers,
    J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 16 (6), 063302 (2024). Open Access Version
    Featured article by the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
  4. L. Liu, X. Lu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Geostrophic Drag Law in Conventionally Neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Simplified Parametrization and Numerical Validation,
    Boundary-Layer Meteorol 190, 37 (2024), Open Access Version
  5. J. Colas, A. Emmanuelli, D. Dragna, P. Blanc-Benon, B. Cotté, and R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Impact of a Two-Dimensional Steep Hill on Wind Turbine Noise Propagation,
    Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 1869–1884 (2024). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Modeled overall sound pressure level and amplitude modulation versus distance for flat, upstream-ridge, and hilltop cases, with solid lines including the turbine wake and dashed lines omitting it
    Main finding

    In one neutral, idealized 100 m ridge calculation, placing the turbine immediately upstream produced a strong modeled OASPL dip roughly 250-600 m downwind, but hill-wake refraction restored levels near 700 m to about the flat-case value; farther downwind, levels were about 4 dBA lower than flat. This coupled LES/source/acoustic result is case-specific, not a general siting rule or field validation. See the figure and explanation.

  6. Y. Liu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Turbulence coherence in wind farms: The role of turbines,
    J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2767, 092108 (2024). Open Access Version
  7. J.H. Kasper, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Effects of wind turbine rotor tilt on large-scale wind farms,
    J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2767, 092072 (2024). Open Access Version
  8. G.S. Yerragolam, C.J. Howland, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, O. Shishkina, D. Lohse,
    Scaling relations for heat and momentum transport in sheared Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 1000, A74 (2024). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Time-averaged temperature field and velocity streamlines in sheared Rayleigh-Bénard convection, showing spanwise plume reorientation and streamwise sweeping
    Main finding

    Across the tested Couette- and Poiseuille-forced DNS, ReS/ReR organized a common non-monotonic response: moderate shear reoriented and swept thermal plumes, lowering Nu by 18%–26% at the sampled minima, whereas stronger shear produced recovery or enhancement and a friction response consistent with Prandtl's logarithmic law. See the figure and explanation.

  9. G.S. Yerragolam, C.J. Howland, R. Yang, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse,
    Effect of airflow rate on CO2 concentration in downflow indoor ventilation,
    Indoor Environments 1(2), 100012 (2024). Open Access Version
  10. R. Hartmann, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse, R. Verzicco,
    Toward understanding polar heat transport enhancement in subglacial oceans on icy moons,
    Geophys. Res. Lett. 51 (3) e2023GL105401 (2024). Open Access Version

2023
  1. J. Colas, A. Emmanuelli, D. Dragna, P. Blanc-Benon, B. Cotté, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Wind turbine sound propagation: Comparison of a linearized Euler equations model with parabolic equation methods,
    J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 154, 1413–1426 (2023). Open Access Version
  2. R. Hartmann, G.S. Yerragolam, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Optimal heat transport in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection at large Rayleigh numbers,
    Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 083501 (2023). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Normalized heat transport versus inverse Rossby number at Prandtl numbers 4.38 and 6.4, showing weaker maxima and lower optimal rotation at Rayleigh number 10 to the tenth
    Main finding

    Across the tested rotating-convection DNS, the inverse Rossby number giving the sampled maximum normalized heat transport first increased and then decreased with Rayleigh number. For Pr = 4.38 and 6.4, the maximum enhancement fell from roughly 20%–30% at lower Rayleigh number to about 5% by Ra = 10¹⁰. See the figure and explanation.

  3. L. Liu, S.N. Gadde, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    The Mean Wind and Potential Temperature Flux Profiles in Convective Boundary Layers,
    J. Atmos. Sci. 80, 1893-1903 (2023). Open Access Version
  4. R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Understanding wind farm power densities,
    J. Fluid Mech. 958, F1 (2023). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Conceptual bars comparing turbine-scale and farm-scale losses with wake and farm-blockage losses using four power-coefficient reference levels
    Main finding

    The paper separates wind-farm power loss into a turbine-scale component from interactions within the array and a farm-scale component from the atmospheric boundary layer's response to aggregate drag. This conceptual split clarifies why layout optimization cannot remove the whole-farm momentum-supply limit. See the figure and explanation.

2022
  1. L. Liu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Vertical structure of conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layers,
    Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119 (22), e2119369119 (2022). Open Access Version
  2. A. Stieren, J.H. Kasper, S.N. Gadde, and R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Impact of Negative Geostrophic Wind Shear on Wind Farm Performance,
    PRX Energy 1, 023007 (2022). Open Access Version
    Featured in Physics Magazine
  3. A. Stieren, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Impact of wind farm wakes on flow structures in and around downstream wind farms,
    Flow 2, E21 (2022). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Normalized power by turbine row for upstream and downstream wind farms with different layouts and inter-farm gaps
    Main finding

    An upstream wind-farm wake changed power and turbulent transport throughout the downstream farm, not only at its first row. Increasing the gap from 5 to 15 km raised the downstream first-row power from 67% to 87% of the upstream first-row value in the tested staggered cases. See the figure and explanation.

  4. C. Li, L. Liu, X. Lu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Analytical model of fully developed wind farms in conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layers,
    J. Fluid Mech. 948, A43 (2022). Open Access Version
  5. L. Liu, L. Franceschini, D.F. Oliveira, F.C.C. Galeazzo, B.S. Carmo, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Evaluating the accuracy of the actuator line model against blade element momentum theory in uniform inflow,
    Wind Energy 25 (6), 1046-1059 (2022). Open Access Version
  6. X. Dai, D. Xu, M. Zhang, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    A three-dimensional dynamic mode decomposition analysis of wind farm flow aerodynamics,
    Renewable Energy 191, 608-624 (2022). Open Access Version
  7. J.M.I. Strickland, S.N. Gadde, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Wind farm blockage in a stable atmospheric boundary layer,
    Renewable Energy 197, 50-58 (2022). Open Access Version
  8. J. Strickland, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Investigating wind farm blockage in a neutral boundary layer using large-eddy simulations,
    Eur. J. Mech. - B/Fluids 95, 303–314 (2022). Open Access Version
  9. R. Hartmann, R. Verzicco, L. Klein Kranenbarg, D. Lohse, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Multiple heat transport maxima in confined-rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 939, A1 (2022). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Normalized heat transport across sampled inverse Rossby number and inverse aspect ratio at Rayleigh number 7 times 10 to the eighth, with three maxima labelled A, B, and C
    Figure 1(a) at Ra = 7 × 108 and Pr = 4.38. Circles are computed DNS cases; the colored response surface is cubic interpolation. A, B, and C mark the confinement, double-vortex, and single-vortex maxima. Panel crop from R. Hartmann et al. (2022), CC BY 4.0.

    Main finding: At Ra = 7 × 10⁸ and Pr = 4.38, the sampled rotation-confinement DNS map contained three separated normalized heat-transport maxima: confinement-only, double-vortex, and single-vortex states. Across the four-Rayleigh-number matrix, the double-vortex maximum reached about 50% enhancement at lower Ra but less than 20% at the two higher Ra. The discrete, interpolated cylinder dataset does not define universal optima or uniquely isolate a mechanism.

    Studied scope: 323 cylindrical Boussinesq DNS at Pr = 4.38, four Rayleigh numbers from 2 × 108 to 7 × 109, 0 ≤ Ro−1 ≤ 40, and 2 ≤ Γ−1 ≤ 32. Sampling is nonuniform; flow-state diagnostics are correlated rather than causal interventions, and no universal optimum, formal location uncertainty, initial-state ensemble, or independent validation is established.

    See the figure and explanation.

  10. G. Wang, L. Santelli, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, and R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Off-centre gravity induces large-scale flow patterns in spherical Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 942, A21 (2022). Open Access Version
  11. G.S. Yerragolam, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    How small-scale flow structures affect the heat transport in sheared thermal convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 944, A1 (2022). Open Access Version
  12. G.S. Yerragolam, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, O. Shishkina,
    Passive scalar transport in Couette flow,
    J. Fluid Mech. 943, A17 (2022). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Nusselt number versus bulk Reynolds number for five Prandtl numbers, alongside the Prandtl-compensated collapse and three-quarter-power fit
    Main finding

    Passive-scalar transport in smooth turbulent Couette flow followed Nu ≈ 0.015 Pr^(1/2) Re_b^(3/4) over the tested intermediate range. The scaling is consistent with a Reynolds-analogy link between scalar flux and wall stress, not a universal high-Reynolds-number asymptote. See the figure and explanation.

  13. G. Ahlers, E. Bodenschatz, R. Hartmann, X. He, D. Lohse, P. Reiter, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, M. Wedi, S. Weiss, X. Zhang, L. Zwirner, and O. Shishkina,
    Aspect Ratio Dependence of Heat Transfer in a Cylindrical Rayleigh-Bénard Cell,
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 084501 (2022). Open Access Version
  14. M. Assen, C.S. Ng, J.B. Will, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse, and R. Verzicco,
    Strong alignment of prolate ellipsoids in Taylor-Couette flow,
    J. Fluid Mech. 935, A7, 1-24 (2022). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Normalized orientation-width minima versus Taylor number for prolate ellipsoids with major-axis lengths 0.1 and 0.2 gap widths
    Main finding

    In the tested Taylor-vortex flows, larger prolate ellipsoids clustered near vortex cores and developed a sharp tangential alignment. The strongest alignment coincided with low local axial vorticity and reduced particle rotation, but causality was not independently isolated. See the figure and explanation.

  15. J. Colas, A. Emmanuelli, D. Dragna, R.J.A.M. Stevens, and P. Blanc-Benon,
    Effect of a 2D Hill on the Propagation of Wind Turbine Noise,
    AIAA 2022, 2923 (2022). Open Access Version

2021
  1. L. Liu, S.N. Gadde, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Universal Wind Profile for Conventionally Neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layers,
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 104502 (2021). Open Access Version
  2. L. Liu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Enhanced wind-farm performance using windbreaks,
    Phys. Rev. Fluids 6, 074611 (2021). Open Access Version
    Editors' suggestion
    Featured in Science News
    Featured in Physics Magazine
    Featured in Welt der Physik
    Featured in Wissenschaft Aktuell
  3. L. Liu, S.N. Gadde, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Geostrophic drag law for conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layers revisited,
    Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 147(735), 847-857 (2021). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Dimensionless conventionally neutral boundary-layer height versus N divided by the magnitude of the Coriolis parameter for three free-atmosphere lapse rates and selected field estimates
    Main finding

    Across 24 idealized conventionally neutral atmospheric-boundary-layer LES, the dimensionless 5%-momentum-flux height |f|h/u* decreased systematically as the stratification-to-rotation ratio N/|f| increased from 42 to 1350. A curve fitted within the same simulation campaign organized the cases, while selected field estimates showed broad consistency rather than independent validation. See the figure and explanation.

  4. S.N. Gadde, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Effect of low-level jet height on wind farm performance,
    J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 13, 013305 (2021). Open Access Version
    Featured article by the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
    Featured by AIP publishing
    Featured by University of Twente
    Featured by De Ingenieur
    Featured by Technisch Weekblad
  5. A. Stieren, S.N. Gadde, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Modeling dynamic wind direction changes in large eddy simulations of wind farms,
    Renewable Energy 170, 1342-1352 (2021). Open Access Version
  6. L. Liu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Effects of atmospheric stability on the performance of a wind turbine located behind a three-dimensional hill,
    Renewable Energy 175, 926-935 (2021). Open Access Version
    Featured by NemoKennislink
    Featured by University of Twente
    Featured by Interesting Engineering
  7. G. Wang, L. Santelli, D. Lohse, R. Verzicco, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Diffusion-free scaling in rotating spherical Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Geophys. Res. Lett. 48(20), e2021GL095017 (2021). Open Access Version
  8. S.N. Gadde, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Interaction between low-level jets and wind farms in a stable atmospheric boundary layer,
    Phys. Rev. Fluids 6, 014603 (2021). Open Access Version
    In top 2% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
  9. S.N. Gadde, A. Stieren, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Large-Eddy Simulations of Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layers: Comparison of Different Subgrid Models,
    Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 178, 363–382 (2021). Open Access Version
  10. S.N. Gadde, L. Liu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Effect of low-level jet on turbine aerodynamic blade loading using large-eddy simulations,
    J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1934, 012001 (2021). Open Access Version
  11. A. Stieren, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Evaluating wind farm wakes in large eddy simulations and engineering models,
    J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1934, 012018 (2021). Open Access Version
  12. R. Hartmann, K.L. Chong, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse,
    Heat transport enhancement in confined Rayleigh-Bénard convection feels the shape of the container,
    Europhys. Lett. 135, 24004 (2021). Open Access Version
  13. A. Blass, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Krug,
    Flow organisation in laterally unconfined Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence,
    J. Fluid Mech. 906, A26 (2021). Open Access Version
  14. A. Blass, P. Tabak, R. Verzicco, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse,
    The effect of Prandtl number on turbulent sheared thermal convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 910, A37 (2021). Open Access Version

2020
  1. M. Zhang, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Characterizing the Coherent Structures Within and Above Large Wind Farms,
    Bound.-Layer Meteorol 174, 61-80 (2020). Open Access Version
  2. L. Liu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Effects of Two-Dimensional Steep Hills on the Performance of Wind Turbines and Wind Farms,
    Bound.-Layer Meteorol 176, 251–269 (2020). Open Access Version
  3. L. Liu, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Wall modeled immersed boundary method for high Reynolds number flow over complex terrain,
    Computers & Fluids 208, 104604 (2020). Open Access Version
  4. D. Krug, D. Lohse, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Coherence of temperature and velocity superstructures in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard flow,
    J. Fluid Mech. 887, A2 (2020). Open Access Version
    In top 2% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
  5. A. Blass, X. Zhu, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Flow organization and heat transfer in turbulent wall sheared thermal convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 897, A22 (2020). Open Access Version
    Featured on FYFD, a fluid dynamics website with over 350,000 followers
  6. Y. Yang, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    What rotation rate maximizes heat transport in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection with Prandtl number larger than one?,
    Phys. Rev. Fluids 5, 053501 (2020). Open Access Version
  7. J.M.I. Strickland, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Effect of thrust coefficient on the flow blockage effects in closely-spaced spanwise-infinite turbine arrays,
    J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1618, 062069 (2020). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    First-row wind-farm power relative to a free-standing turbine versus thrust coefficient for three streamwise spacings
    Main finding

    In the tested spanwise-infinite arrays, tight lateral spacing increased first-row power relative to an isolated row, while seven downstream rows decreased it. These opposing layout effects mean that a wind farm's first row is not a neutral reference for blockage or total-farm performance. See the figure and explanation.

  8. R.J.A.M. Stevens, C. Meneveau,
    Large eddy simulation study of extended wind farms with large inter turbine spacing,
    J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1618, 062011 (2020). Open Access Version
  9. R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse, R. Verzicco,
    Toward DNS of the Ultimate Regime of Rayleigh-Bénard Convection,
    Direct and Large Eddy Simulation 12, ERCOFTAC Series 2019, volume 27, 215-224 (2020). Open Access Version
  10. P. Berghout, R.J. Dingemans, X. Zhu, R. Verzicco, R.J.A.M. Stevens, W. van Saarloos, D. Lohse,
    Direct numerical simulations of spiral Taylor-Couette turbulence,
    J. Fluid Mech. 887, A18 (2020). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Spiral-turbulence amplitude versus axial wavenumber at five reduced distances from the bifurcation, with parabolic fits
    Main finding

    Near the simulated laminar–turbulent transition, spiral Taylor–Couette turbulence followed finite-wavelength Ginzburg–Landau-type amplitude scaling. The preferred axial wavelength was 41 ± 2 gap widths at radius ratio 0.91, and the spiral traveled with the domain-mean angular velocity rather than the arithmetic mean cylinder speed. See the figure and explanation.

  11. S. Liu, L. Jiang, K.L. Chong, X. Zhu, Z.-H. Wan, R. Verzicco, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse, C. Sun,
    From Rayleigh-Bénard convection to porous-media convection: how porosity affects heat transfer and flow structure,
    J. Fluid Mech. 895, A18 (2020). Open Access Version
  12. Q. Wang, K.L. Chong, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse,
    From zonal flow to convection rolls in Rayleigh-Bénard convection with free-slip plates,
    J. Fluid Mech. 905, A21 (2020). Open Access Version
  13. P. Berghout, R. Verzicco, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse, D. Chung,
    Calculation of the mean velocity profile for strongly turbulent Taylor-Couette flow at arbitrary radius ratios,
    J. Fluid Mech. 905, A11 (2020). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Curvature-scaled inner-cylinder boundary-layer profiles and compensated gradients at radius ratio 0.716 across seven Taylor numbers
    Main finding

    Across the tested radius ratios, a curvature length organized the transition from a near-wall shear-dominated logarithmic layer to a curvature-affected layer and an approximately constant-angular-momentum bulk. See the figure and explanation.

  14. I. Neunaber, M. Hölling, R.J.A.M. Stevens, G. Schepers, J. Peinke,
    Distinct turbulent regions in the wake of a wind turbine and their inflow-dependent locations: The creation of a wake map,
    Energies 13, 5392 (2020). Open Access Version

2019
  1. M. Zhang, M.G. Arendshorst, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Large eddy simulations of the effect of vertical staggering in large wind farms,
    Wind Energy 22(2), 189-204 (2019). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Normalized cumulative power through successive turbine rows for vertically staggered small and large wind farms at three streamwise spacings
    Main finding

    Vertical staggering increased cumulative power in the first two rows by up to 20% in the strongest tested case, but produced little or negative benefit over the last four rows in most cases. The diagnostics are consistent with local wake avoidance improving the entrance without increasing the downward turbulent energy supply to the deep farm. See the figure and explanation.

  2. S. Nagarada Gadde, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Effect of Coriolis force on a wind farm wake,
    J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1256, 012026 (2019). Open Access Version
  3. Z.-H. Wan, P. Wei, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, G. Ahlers, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Effect of sidewall on heat transfer and flow structure in Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 881, 218-243 (2019). Open Access Version
  4. X. Zhu, R.J.A.M. Stevens, O. Shishkina, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse,
    Nu ~ Ra1/2 scaling enabled by multiscale wall roughness in Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence,
    J. Fluid Mech. 869, R4 (2019). Open Access Version
    In top 2% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
  5. X. Zhu, V. Mathai, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse,
    Zhu et al. Reply:
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 259402 (2019). Open Access Version
  6. P. Berghout, X. Zhu, D. Chung, R. Verzicco, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse,
    Direct numerical simulations of Taylor-Couette turbulence: the effects of sand grain roughness,
    J. Fluid Mech. 873, 260-286 (2019). DOI · Open-access version
    Figure and main finding
    Instantaneous azimuthal velocity fields for smooth and increasingly rough inner cylinders in classical and ultimate Taylor-Couette turbulence
    Main finding

    Modeled sand-grain roughness on the inner cylinder increased plume activity, angular-momentum transport, and torque. For this surface, the equivalent sand-grain height was 1.33 times the nominal roughness height and the roughness-sublayer height was 2.78 times the equivalent height. See the figure and explanation.

  7. K.M.J. Alards, R.P.J. Kunnen, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse, F. Toschi, H.J.H. Clercx,
    Sharp transitions in rotating turbulent convection: Lagrangian acceleration statistics reveal a second critical Rossby number,
    Phys. Rev. Fluids 4, 074601 (2019). Open Access Version

2018
  1. R.J.A.M. Stevens, A. Blass, X. Zhu, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse,
    Turbulent thermal superstructures in Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 041501(R) (2018). Open Access Version
    In top 1% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
  2. R.J.A.M. Stevens, L.A. Martínez Tossas, C. Meneveau,
    Comparison of wind farm large eddy simulations using actuator disk and actuator line models with wind tunnel experiments,
    Renewable Energy, 116 (A), 470-478 (2018). DOI · Open-access version
    In top 1% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
    Figure and main finding
    Measured and simulated mean velocity and turbulence-intensity profiles downstream of a model wind turbine
    Figure 4, cropped. R.J.A.M. Stevens et al., 2018. CC BY 4.0.
    Main finding

    The actuator-line model reproduces the near-wake velocity and turbulence profiles better through approximately three rotor diameters. Farther downstream, the mean profiles predicted by the actuator-line and actuator-disk models become increasingly similar. Including nacelle and tower forces further improves the local near-wake prediction. See the figure and explanation.

  3. X. Zhu, E. Phillips, V. Spandan, J. Donners, G. Ruetsch, J. Romero, R. Ostilla-Mónico, Y. Yang, D. Lohse, R. Verzicco, M. Fatica, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    AFiD-GPU: A versatile Navier–Stokes solver for wall-bounded turbulent flows on GPU clusters,
    Comput. Phys. Commun. 229, 199-210 (2018). Open Access Version
    In top 2% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
  4. M. Zhang, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Exploring a better turbine layout in vertically staggered wind farms,
    J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1037, 072041 (2018). Open Access Version
  5. L.J. Lukassen, R.J.A.M. Stevens, C. Meneveau, M. Wilczek,
    Modeling space-time correlations of velocity fluctuations in wind farms,
    Wind Energy 21 (7), 474-487 (2018). Open Access Version
  6. X. Zhu, V. Mathai, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, and D. Lohse,
    Transition to the ultimate regime in two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 144502 (2018). Open Access Version
    Selected for the cover illustration.
  7. G.L. Kooij, M.A. Botchev, E.M.A. Frederix, B.J. Geurts, S. Horn, D. Lohse, E.P. van der Poel, O. Shishkina, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco,
    Comparison of computational codes for direct numerical simulations of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Computers & Fluids 166, 1-8 (2018). Open Access Version

2017
  1. R.J.A.M. Stevens, C. Meneveau,
    Flow Structure and Turbulence in Wind Farms,
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 49, 311-339 (2017). Open Access Version
    Featured by Knowable magazine from Annual Reviews, November 2017.
    In top 2% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
  2. X. Zhu, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse,
    Roughness-facilitated local 1/2 scaling does not imply the onset of the ultimate regime of thermal convection,
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 154501 (2017). Open Access Version
  3. K.L. Chong, Y. Yang, S.-D. Huang, J.-Q. Zhong, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, K.-Q. Xia,
    Confined Rayleigh-Bénard, Rotating Rayleigh-Bénard, and Double Diffusive Convection: A unifying view on turbulent transport enhancement through coherent structure manipulation,
    Phys. Rev. Lett., 119, 064501 (2017). Open Access Version
  4. R.J.A.M. Stevens, B. Hobbs, A. Ramos, C. Meneveau,
    Combining economic and fluid dynamic models to determine the optimal spacing in very large wind-farms,
    Wind Energy 20 (3), 465-477 (2017). Open Access Version
  5. M. Zhang, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Characterizing the coherent structures in large eddy simulations of aligned windfarms,
    J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 854, 012052 (2017). Open Access Version

2016
  1. R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Dependence of optimal wind-turbine spacing on wind-farm length,
    Wind Energy 19 (4), 651-663 (2016). Open Access Version
  2. R.J.A.M. Stevens, D.F. Gayme, C. Meneveau,
    Effects of turbine spacing on the power output of extended wind-farms,
    Wind Energy 19 (2), 359-370 (2016). Open Access Version
    In top 2% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
  3. R.J.A.M. Stevens, D.F. Gayme, C. Meneveau,
    Generalized coupled wake boundary layer model: applications and comparisons with field and LES data for two wind farms,
    Wind Energy 19 (11), 2023-2040 (2016). Open Access Version
  4. L.E.M. Lignarolo, D. Mehta, R.J.A.M. Stevens, A.E. Yilmaz, G. van Kuik, S.J. Andersen, C. Meneveau, C.J. Simão Ferreira, D. Ragni, J. Meyers, G.J.W. van Bussel, J. Holierhoek,
    Validation of four LES and a vortex model against stereo-PIV measurements in the near wake of an actuator disc and a wind turbine,
    Renewable Energy 94, 510-523 (2016). Open Access Version
  5. L.A. Martínez Tossas, R.J.A.M. Stevens, C. Meneveau,
    Wind Turbine Large-Eddy Simulations on Very Coarse Grid Resolutions using an Actuator Line Model,
    34th Wind Energy Symposium, AIAA SciTech, AIAA 2016-1261, 1-7 (2016). Open Access Version

2015
  1. R.J.A.M. Stevens, D.F. Gayme, C. Meneveau,
    Coupled wake boundary layer model of wind farms,
    J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 7, 023115 (2015). Open Access Version
  2. M. Wilczek, R.J.A.M. Stevens, C. Meneveau,
    Spatio-temporal spectra in the logarithmic layer of wall turbulence: large-eddy simulations and simple models,
    J. Fluid Mech., 769, R1 (2015). Open Access Version
  3. M. Wilczek, R.J.A.M. Stevens, C. Meneveau,
    Height-dependence of spatio-temporal spectra of wall-bounded turbulence - LES results and model predictions,
    J. Turbulence 16, 937-949 (2015). Open Access Version
  4. R.J.A.M. Stevens, D.F. Gayme, C. Meneveau,
    Using the coupled wake boundary layer model to evaluate the effect of turbulence intensity on wind-farm performance,
    J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 625, 012004 (2015). Open Access Version
  5. J. Lülff, M. Wilczek, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Friedrich, D. Lohse,
    Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection described by projected dynamics in phase space,
    J. Fluid Mech. 781, 276-297 (2015). Open Access Version

2014
  1. R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. F. Gayme, C. Meneveau,
    Large eddy simulation studies of the effects of alignment and wind farm length,
    J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 6, 023105 (2014). Open Access Version
    Highlighted by AIP News, April 1 2014. Featured by FOM News, April 3 2014. Featured by Johns Hopkins Mechanical Engineering news, April 2014.
  2. R.J.A.M. Stevens, M. Wilczek, C. Meneveau,
    Large-eddy simulation study of the logarithmic law for second and higher-order moments in turbulent wall-bounded flow,
    J. Fluid Mech. 757, 888-907 (2014). Open Access Version
    Featured in E. Bou-Zeid, Challenging the large eddy simulation technique with advanced a posteriori tests, J. Fluid Mech. 764, 1-4 (2015), published online 23 December 2014.
  3. R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse, R. Verzicco,
    Sidewall effects in Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 741, 1-27 (2014). Open Access Version
  4. R.J.A.M. Stevens, J. Graham, C. Meneveau,
    A concurrent precursor inflow method for Large Eddy Simulations and applications to finite length wind farms,
    Renewable Energy 68, 46-50 (2014). Open Access Version
  5. R.J.A.M. Stevens, C. Meneveau,
    Temporal structure of aggregate power fluctuations in large-eddy simulations of extended wind-farms,
    J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 6, 043102 (2014). Open Access Version
  6. C. Archer, B. Colle, L. Delle Monache, M. Dvorak, J. Lundquist, B. Bailey, P. Beaucage, M. Churchfield, A. Fitch, B. Kosovic, S. Lee, P. Moriarty, H. Simao, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Veron, J. Zack,
    Meteorology for Coastal/Offshore Wind Energy in the United States: Recommendations and Research Needs for the Next 10 Years,
    Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 95, 515-519 (2014). Open Access Version
  7. M. Wilczek, R.J.A.M. Stevens, Y. Narita, C. Meneveau,
    A wavenumber-frequency spectral model for atmospheric boundary layers,
    J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 524, 012104 (2014). Open Access Version

2013
  1. R.J.A.M. Stevens, E.P. van der Poel, S. Grossmann, D. Lohse,
    The unifying theory of scaling in thermal convection: The updated prefactors,
    J. Fluid Mech. 730, 295-308 (2013). Open Access Version
    In top 0.5% highly cited papers according to Web of Science.
  2. R.J.A.M. Stevens, H.J.H. Clercx, D. Lohse,
    Heat transport and flow structure in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids 40, 41-49 (2013). Open Access Version
  3. R. Lakkaraju, R.J.A.M. Stevens, P. Oresta, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, A. Prosperetti,
    Heat transport in bubbling turbulent convection,
    Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110 (23), 9237-9242 (2013). Open Access Version
  4. R. Ostilla-Mónico, R.J.A.M. Stevens, S. Grossmann, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse,
    Optimal Taylor-Couette flow: direct numerical simulations,
    J. Fluid Mech. 719, 14-46 (2013). Open Access Version
  5. E.P. van der Poel, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse,
    Comparison between two and three dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 736, 177-194 (2013). Open Access Version
    In top 1% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
  6. R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. F. Gayme, C. Meneveau,
    Effect of turbine alignment on the average power output of wind-farms,
    International Conference on Aerodynamics of Offshore Wind Energy Systems and Wakes (ICOWES2013), 611-623 (2013). Open Access Version

2012
  1. G. Ahlers, E. Bodenschatz, D. Funfschilling, S. Grossmann, X. He, D. Lohse, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco,
    Logarithmic temperature profiles in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 114501 (2012). Open Access Version
    Featured in the FOM News, 4 September 2012.
  2. E.P. van der Poel, R.J.A.M. Stevens, K. Sugiyama, D. Lohse,
    Flow states in two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection as a function of aspect-ratio and Rayleigh number,
    Phys. Fluids 24, 085104 (2012). Open Access Version
  3. R.J.A.M. Stevens, Q. Zhou, S. Grossmann, R. Verzicco, K.-Q Xia, D. Lohse,
    Thermal boundary layer profiles in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a cylindrical sample,
    Phys. Rev. E 85, 027301 (2012). Open Access Version
  4. R.J.A.M. Stevens, H.J.H. Clercx, D. Lohse,
    Breakdown of the large-scale circulation in Γ = 1/2 rotating Rayleigh-Bénard flow,
    Phys. Rev. E 86, 056311 (2012). Open Access Version
  5. R. Lakkaraju, R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, S. Grossmann, A. Prosperetti, C. Sun, D. Lohse,
    Spatial distribution of heat flux and fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Rev. E 86, 056315 (2012). Open Access Version

2011
  1. R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse, R. Verzicco,
    Prandtl and Rayleigh number dependence of heat transport in high Rayleigh number thermal convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 688, 31-43 (2011). Open Access Version
    In top 2% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
  2. R.P.J. Kunnen, R.J.A.M. Stevens, J. Overkamp, C. Sun, G.J.F. van Heijst, H.J.H. Clercx,
    The role of Stewartson and Ekman layers in turbulent rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 688, 422-442 (2011). Open Access Version
  3. Q. Zhou, K. Sugiyama, R.J.A.M. Stevens, S. Grossmann, D. Lohse, K.-Q. Xia,
    Horizontal structures of velocity and temperature boundary layers in two-dimensional numerical turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Fluids 23, 125104 (2011). Open Access Version
  4. R.J.A.M. Stevens, H.J.H. Clercx, D. Lohse,
    Effect of plumes on measuring the large scale circulation in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Fluids, 23, 095110 (2011). Open Access Version
  5. E.P. van der Poel, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse,
    Connecting flow structures and heat flux in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Rev. E 84, 045303(R) (2011). Open Access Version
  6. R.J.A.M. Stevens, J. Overkamp, D. Lohse, H.J.H. Clercx,
    Effect of aspect ratio on vortex distribution and heat transfer in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Rev. E 84, 056313 (2011). Open Access Version
  7. J. Overkamp, R.J.A.M. Stevens, D. Lohse, H.J.H. Clercx,
    Effect of aspect-ratio on vortex distribution and heat transfer in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 318, 082009 (2011). Open Access Version
  8. R.J.A.M. Stevens, H.J.H. Clercx, D. Lohse,
    Numerical simulations of rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Direct and large-eddy simulation 8, ERCOFTAC Series 2011, Volume 15, Part 6, 359-364.
    Accepted manuscript (PDF) · Terms of use
    Author-prepared accepted version; not the Version of Record. The definitive chapter is available via the DOI above.

2010
  1. K. Sugiyama, R. Ni, R.J.A.M. Stevens, T.S. Chan, S.-Q. Zhou, H.-D Xi, C. Sun, S. Grossmann, K.-Q. Xia, D. Lohse,
    Flow reversals in thermally driven turbulence,
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 034503 (2010). Open Access Version
    Featured in the FOM News, 19 July 2010.
  2. S. Weiss, R.J.A.M. Stevens, J.Q. Zhong, H.J.H. Clercx, D. Lohse, G. Ahlers,
    Finite-size effects lead to supercritical bifurcations in turbulent rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 224501 (2010). Open Access Version
    Featured in the FOM News, 29 November 2010.
  3. R.J.A.M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse,
    Radial boundary layer structure and Nusselt number in Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 643, 495-507 (2010). Open Access Version
  4. Q. Zhou, R.J.A.M. Stevens, K. Sugiyama, S. Grossmann, D. Lohse, K. Q. Xia,
    Prandtl-Blasius temperature and velocity boundary layer profiles in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    J. Fluid Mech. 664, 297-312 (2010). Open Access Version
  5. O. Shishkina, R.J.A.M Stevens, S. Grossmann, D. Lohse,
    Boundary layer structure in turbulent thermal convection and its consequences for the required numerical resolution,
    New J. Phys. 12, 075022 (2010). Open Access Version
    In top 2% highly cited papers compared to contemporaries according to Web of Science.
  6. R.J.A.M. Stevens, H.J.H. Clercx, D. Lohse,
    Optimal Prandtl number for heat transfer in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    New J. Phys. 12, 075005 (2010). Open Access Version
    Selected as one of New J. of Phys. best papers in 2010.
  7. R.J.A.M. Stevens, H.J.H. Clercx, D. Lohse,
    Boundary layers in rotating weakly turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Fluids 22, 085103 (2010). Open Access Version

2009
  1. J.Q. Zhong, R.J.A.M. Stevens, H.J.H. Clercx, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, G. Ahlers,
    Prandtl-, Rayleigh-, and Rossby-Number dependence of heat transport in turbulent rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 044502 (2009). Open Access Version
    Selected for the cover illustration.
  2. R.J.A.M. Stevens, J.Q. Zhong, H.J.H. Clercx, G. Ahlers, D. Lohse,
    Transitions between turbulent states in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 024503 (2009). Open Access Version
    Featured in the FOM News, 14 July 2009.
  3. R.J.A.M. Stevens, J.Q. Zhong, H.J.H. Clercx, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, G. Ahlers,
    Prandtl-, Rayleigh-, and Rossby-number dependence of heat transport in turbulent rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection,
    Advances in Turbulence XII, Springer Proceedings in Physics 132, 529-532 (2009).

General Audience

2021

  1. S.N. Gadde, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Energy entrainment from low-level jets benefits wind farm performance,
    JMBC Annual report 2020.
  2. S.N. Gadde, R.J.A.M. Stevens,
    Turbulentie helpt windpark prestaties,
    Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 87(11), 22.

2012

  1. M. de Boer,
    Interview Vierde YES!-fellowship voor Richard Stevens,
    Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde, September 2012.

2010

  1. R.J.A.M. Stevens, H.J.H. Clercx, D. Lohse,
    Warmtetransport in een roterende turbulente stroming,
    Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde, February 2010.