Effect of low-level jet height on wind farm performance

Main finding

The article asks how a fixed stable-boundary-layer LLJ behaves when it lies above, across, or below a farm's rotor-swept area. Boussinesq LES uses a Lagrangian dynamic SGS closure, Monin–Obukhov wall fluxes, filtered actuator disks, concurrent precursor inflow, two-direction fringe layers, Rayleigh damping, and local turbine yaw control. The moderately stable inflow has G=8 m s^-1, f=1.159e-4 s^-1, offshore z_0=0.002 m, surface cooling 0.5 K h^-1, z_i=131.6 m, z_jet approximately 125 m, u_jet/G=1.21, and z_i/L=2.95.